For citations:

Barazbiev M.I., Begeulov R.M. Ideas of jadidism and attempts to implement them in Karachay and Balkaria (1870s-1920s). E-Journal “Kavkazologiya”. 2022;(4):109-119. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31143/2542-212X-2022-4-109-119. EDN: FLQNTI