State and public support for families military personnel, world war II disabled veterans and orphans (by the example of Kabardino-Balkaria)

This work analyzes for the first time, based on new archival documents and other sources, the problems of material and domestic arrangement of military personnel families; World War II disabled veterans, demobilized military personnel and orphans on the materials of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The activities of state and party bodies in organizing employment, social security and help to families of front-line soldiers, disabled, demobilized military personnel. This article established the number of beneficiaries who received benefits and pensions, as well as employed families of military personnel disabled during the war years. It also revealed the omissions and shortcomings in the organization of material and household arrangements, the normalized provision of food and industrial goods to the families of military personnel and war invalids. This paper considered activities of state bodies and the public in organizing the help of orphans and children who have become homeless. The experience of labor collectives of factories, factories, collective farms, state farms, public organizations, and citizens in providing patronage help, families of front-line soldiers, disabled people and orphans is summarized.

We concluded that the main areas of state and public support for the families of military personnel, war invalids, orphans and demobilized children in Kabardino-Balkarian Republic were state benefits, pensions, targeted material help, tax exemptions, provision of food and industrial goods, solving housing problems, employment and restoration of orphanages.

1. ABUZYAROVA D.A. Sotsial'naya zashchita invalidov voiny v 1941–1945 gg. [Social protection of warinvalids in 1941–1945]. IN: Vestnik Mordovskogo universiteta. – 2007. – T. 17. – № 2. – S. 146–150 (In Russ.).

2. Velikaya Otechestvennaya voina 1941–1945 godov [The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945]. V 12 t. T. 10. Gosudarstvo, obshchestvo i voina. In 12 vols. T. 10. State, society and war. –Moscow: Kuchkovo pole, 2014. – 864 p. (In Russ.).

3. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii [GARF – State Archive of the Russian Federation].

4. Zakon Soyuza SSR «O demobilizatsii starshikh vozrastov lichnogo sostava deistvuyushchei armii» ot 23 iyunya 1945g. [Law of the USSR "On the demobilization of older ages of the personnel of the active army" of June 23, 1945]. IN: URL: http://www.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc&base=ESU&n=16017#0N4Wv1TCaiMcyefr1(data obrashcheniya: 16.03.2022) (In Russ.).

5. Kabardino-Balkariya v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny 1941–1945 gg. Sbornik dokumentov i materialov [Kabardino-Balkaria during the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 Collection of documents and materials] – Nal'chik: El'brus.1975. –795 p. (In Russ.).

6. Kabardino-Balkariya: Tyli front 1941–1945 (k 60-letiyu Velikoi Pobedy) [Kabardino-Balkaria: Rear and front 1941–1945 (to the 60th anniversary of the Great Victory) comp.]. sost.: Kh.M. Dumanov, V.Kh. Kazharov, A.I. Tetuev, O.L. Opryshko. – Nal'chik: El'fa, 2005. – 340 p. (In Russ.).

7. KABIROVA A.Sh. Tatarstan v gody voennykh ispytanii (1941-1945 gg.) [Tatarstan during the years of military trials (1941–1945)]. – Kazan': AZ, 2015. –507 s. (In Russ.).

8. KHAKUASHEV E.T. Kabardino-Balkarskaya ASSR v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during the Great Patriotic War.]. – Nal'chik: El'brus, 1978. – 318 p. (In Russ.).

9. LIPATOV A.V., MERKUR'EVA V.S., TAKTASHEVA F.A. Gosudarstvennaya i obshchestvennaya podderzhka semei voennosluzhashchikh v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny: na materialakh Stalingradskoi oblasti [State and public support for military families during the Great Patriotic War: based on the materials of the Stalingrad region]. IN: Izvestiya Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. – 2017. – № 2 (115). – S. 192-198. (In Russ.).

10. Postanovlenie SNK SSSR № 1901 «O sokhranenii pensii za pensionerami, vernuvshimisya na proizvodstvo» ot 28 iyulya 1941 g. [Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR No. 1901 "On the preservation of pensions for pensioners who returned to work" dated July 28, 1941]. IN: Sbornik postanovlenii SSSR. – 1941. – № 17. –St. 335. (In Russ.).

11. Postanovlenie SNK SSSR «O besplatnom sokhranenii za voennosluzhashchimi ikh zhiloi ploshchadi na vremya voiny» 5 avgusta 1941 g. [Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR "On the free preservation of their living space for military personnel during the war" August 5, 1941]. IN: URL: https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/ (data obrashcheniya: 12.01.2022). (In Russ.).

12. Postanovlenie SNK SSSR «O pensiyakh i posobiyakh litsam vysshego, starshego i srednego nachal'stvuyushchego sostava, litsam mladshego nachal'stvuyushchego sostava sverkhsrochnoi sluzhby, spetsialistam ryadovogo sostava sverkhsrochnoi sluzhby i ikh sem'yam» ot 5 iyunya1941g. [Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR "On pensions and benefits to persons of higher, senior and middle commanding staff, persons of junior commanding personnel of long-term service, specialists of ordinary personnel of long-term service and their families" dated June 5, 1941]. IN: URL: http://www.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc&base=ESU&n=8418#ilimp1TsnncutkUo1 (data obrashcheniya: 16.03.2022) (In Russ.).

13. SAVITSKII I.M. Pomoshch' trudyashchikhsya Zapadnoi Sibiri sem'yam frontovikov i evakuirovannym detyam v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Helping the workers of Western Siberia to the families of front-line soldiers and evacuated children during the Great Patriotic War]. IN: Razvitie territorii. – 2019. – № 1(15). – S. 15-23. – DOI 10.32324/2412-8945-2019-1-15-23. (In Russ.).

14. SEMENOVA E.N. Trudoustroistvo chlenov semei voennosluzhashchikh v Zapadnoi Sibiri v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny (1941-1945 gg.) [Employment of family members of military personnel in Western Siberia during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945)]. IN: Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. – 2010. – № 9 (99). – S. 58-63. (In Russ.).

15. TETUEV A.I. Istoricheskaya pamyat' o Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 1941–1945 gg. (na primere Kabardino-Balkaria) [Historical memory of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. (on the example of Kabardino-Balkaria)]. – Nal'chik: Izdatel'skaya tipografiya «Print Tsentr», 2021. – 380 p. (In Russ.).

16. Ukaz Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR «O naznachenii i vyplate ezhemesyachnykh gosudarstvennykh posobii sem'yam voennosluzhashchikh ryadovogo i mladshego nachal'stvuyushchego sostava» ot 26 iyunya 1941 g. [Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On the appointment and payment of monthly state benefits to the families of private and junior military personnel" dated June 26, 1941]. IN: URL: http://www.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/ (data obrashcheniya: 12.01.2022) (In Russ.).

17. Ukaz Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR «o naloge na kholostyakov, odinokikh i bezdetnykh grazhdan sssr» ot 21 noyabrya 1941 g. [Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On the tax on bachelors, single and childless citizens of the USSR" dated November 21, 1941]. IN: URL: https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/ (data obrashcheniya: 14.01.2022) (In Russ.).

18. Upravlenie tsentral'nogo gosudarstvennogo arkhiva arkhivnoi sluzhby Kabardi-no-Balkarskoi Respubliki [Department of the Central State Archive of the Archival Service of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic]. (In Russ.).

19. Upravlenie tsentra dokumentatsii noveishei istorii Arkhivnoi sluzhby KBR [Of fice of the Center for Documentation of the Recent History of the Archival Service of the KBR] (In Russ.).

20. Zakon Soyuza SSR «O demobilizatsii starshikh vozrastov lichnogo sostava deistvuyushchei armii» ot 23 iyunya 1945 g. [ Law of the USSR "On the demobilization of older ages of the personnel of the active army"dated June 23, 1945]. IN: URL: http://www.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc&base=ESU&n=16017#0N4Wv1TCaiMcyefr1 (data obrashcheniya: 16.03.2022).

21. ZINICH M.S. Povsednevnaya zhizn' naroda v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny [Everyday life of the people during the Great Patriotic War]. – Moscow; Saint Petersburg: Tsentr gumanitarnykh initsiativ, 2019. – 347 s. (In Russ.).