KHAKUCHI FORCED MIGRATION TO OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND KUBAN REGION (1864–1870): CAUSES, MAIN PHASES AND RESULTS
https://doi.org/10.31143/2542-212X-2021-3-44-62
EDN: VCDXJG
Abstract
The article dwells upon the reasons, process, and consequences of the Khakuchi forced migration to Turkey and the Kuban region after the end of the Caucasian War. The Khakuchi was a small group of the Adyghes, who lived in mountains not far from the Black Sea in the middle of the 19th century. The forced migration of the group started in spring 1864 and took several years. The resettlement was a result of numerous military expeditions, aul and food reserve destruction. Only after that, most of the Khakuchi migrated to Turkey, and a smaller part resettled to the Kuban region. However, several small groups continued hiding in the mountains. Due to persistence and resilience, skillful use of the mountain landscape and natural resources, the Khakuchi managed to avoid mass eviction, some of them still remained in their homeland. Small groups of the captured Khakuchi settled in Cossack villages between Novorossiysk and Tuapse, as well as in military districts near the rivers Psezuapse, Ashe, and Kudepsta. The highlanders had to teach the peculiarities of farming in local conditions to the new residents of the Northwest Caucasus. Later, the Khakuchi who had earlier been resettled to the Kuban region began to return as well. Contemporary Black Sea Shapsugs are mostly descendants of the Khakuchi.
About the Author
I. H. TKHAMOKOVA
Institute for the Humanities Research – Affiliated Federal State Budget Scientific Establishment «Federal Scientific Center ‘Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences’»
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
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Review
For citations:
TKHAMOKOVA I.H. KHAKUCHI FORCED MIGRATION TO OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND KUBAN REGION (1864–1870): CAUSES, MAIN PHASES AND RESULTS. Kavkazologiya. 2021;(3):44-62. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31143/2542-212X-2021-3-44-62. EDN: VCDXJG
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