SYNERGETICS AS A MODE OF REPRESENTING THE DYNAMICS OF ETHNO-REGIONAL HISTORICAL SYSTEMS

Synergetics is a special interdisciplinary field of science, which generalizes the description and interpretation of dynamic processes in complex open systems far from equilibrium. The subject of this article does not refer to synergetics as such or to “authentic synergetics”, which is inseparable from the mathematical language of expression, but to the field of historical knowledge. It attempts to apply a synergetic approach to the knowledge already accumulated within the framework of historical science in order to obtain results that are important for general interpretations of the history of the peoples of the North Caucasus. Any attempt to interpret historical phenomena and processes in terms of “system bifurcation”, “self-organization”, “nonlinearity”, etc. should be preceded by the definition of the object under study as a system and the definition of its specificity as a special type of system. From this point of view, the Adyghe ethno-social area and Kabardino-Balkaria, as objects of historical knowledge can be represented as certain varieties of small historical systems, namely, ethno-regional historical systems. This concept implies a long existence in time and the reproduction of a culturally specific space-time historical integrity. On their historical trajectory, one can clearly distinguish periods of a stationary (stable) state and “gaps” between them i.e. transitional periods of intense socio-political and cultural shifts. This allows it to be represented in terms of synergetics. Reconstruction of the mechanisms and forms of self-organization of an ethnic society at crisis, unstable phases of the historical trajectory allows us to re-imagine the ratio of internal and external, socio-economic and socio-cultural factors of its historical evolution. There are sufficient grounds to believe that the coherence (uniformity and consistency) of social behavior in critical situations was set by a common horizon of ethnic culture, that the need to adapt to a dynamic external environment determined the points of attraction (attractors) around which new, “most probable” configuration of social structures were formed, that the main mechanism of adaptation was cultural interaction and, accordingly, the main function of emerging dissipative (developed, more complex) structures was to increase the degree of communicativeness of culture, i.e. the formation of channels and agents of cultural interaction, the development of the ability to perceive and transfer experience, to enrich and universalize their own cultural meanings.

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