Internal political crisis in the Kabarda in 1589: background, historical context, implications
https://doi.org/10.31143/2542-212X-2023-4-40-54
EDN: AVBXZU
Abstract
Details of the internal politics of the fiefs of Circassia, especially in the period of the late Middle Ages and early modern times, belong to the block of least studied problems. Some chapter of the internal political struggle of the most influential princely houses of Kabarda in the second half of the XVI century had a foreign policy dimension, since their outcome was influenced in their own interests by neighboring of the great powers who were trying to use the resources of the peoples of the North Caucasus in their own interests. They are mirrored in archival documents, particularly from the Muscovite kingdom, providing tools for a more complete understanding of the historical process. One of these subjects is the internal political crisis of 1589 associated with the election of Pshchyshkhue, the Grand Duke of Kabarda, after the death of Kanbulat Idarov. Active military-political intervention in this process by the Russian state set the trends in the dynamics of Kabardian-Russian relations for the next half century and marked the beginning of the transformation of the institution of supreme political power in Kabarda.
About the Author
Zaurbek Anzorovich Kozhev
Institute for Humanitarian Studies – Branch of the Kabardin-Balkarian Scien-tific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nalchik, Russia.
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
References
1. BELOKUROV S.A. Snoshenija Rossii s Kavkazom: Materialy, izvlechennye iz Moskovskogo glavnogo arhiva Ministerstva inostrannyh del [Relations between Russia and the Caucasus: Materials extracted from the Moscow Main Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs]. – M. University Printing House, 1889. Issue I. 1578-1613 – CXXIX; – 715 p. (In Russ.).
2. BGAZHNOKOB B. Kh. O spetsifi ke i dinamike voenno-politicheskogo soyuza Rossii i Ka-bardy (simmakhiya i ee asimmetrizm) [On the specifi cs and dynamics of the military-political union of Russia and Kabarda (symmachy and its asymmetry)]. IN: Istoricheskii vestnik. – Vyp. II. – Nal-chik, 2005. – P. 39–86. (In Russ.).
3. CHELEBI EVLIYA. Kniga puteshestviya. Zemli Severnogo Kavkaza, Povolzh'ya i Podon'ya. Vyp. 2 [Travel book. The lands of the North Caucasus, Volga and Don region. Issue 2]. – Moscow: Nauka, 1979. – 288 p. (In Russ.).
4. DZAMIKHOV K.F. Adygi v politike Rossii na Kavkaze [Adygi in the politics of Russia in the Caucasus]. – Nalchik: El’-Fa, 2001. – 410 p. (In Russ.).
5. DZAMIKHOV K.F. Kabarda i Rossiya v politicheskoi istorii Kavkaza XVI–XVII vv. [Kabarda and Russia in the political history of the Caucasus of the 16th – 17th centuries.]. – Nalchik: Kabardi-no-Balkarian State University, 2007. – 326 p. (In Russ.).
6. DZAMIKHOV K.F. «V sluzhbe i oborone…». Kabarda i Rossijskoe gosudarstvo: jepoha voenno-politicheskogo sotrudnichestva (1550-e - nachalo 1770-h godov). [«In service and de-fense...». Kabarda and the Russian state: the era of military-political cooperation (1550s - early 1770s)]. – Nalchik: Publishing department of the Institute for Humanitarian Research of the Kabardi-no-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2017. – 356 p. (In Russ.).
7. Istoriya Kabardino-Balkarskoi ASSR s drevneishikh vremen do nashikh dnei v 2-kh tomakh. T. 1. [The history of the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from ancient times to the present in 2 volumes. T. 1]. – Moscow: Nauka, 1967. – 480 p. (In Russ.).
8. Istorija mnogovekovogo sodruzhestva. K 450-letiju sojuza i edinenija narodov Kabardino-Balkarii s Rossiej. [The history of a centuries-old commonwealth. To the 450th anniversary of the union and unity of the peoples of Kabardino-Balkaria with Russia]. – Nalchik: Publishing house M. and V. Kotlyarov. 2007. – 720 p. (In Russ.).
9. KAZHAROV V.Kh. Traditsionnye obshchestvennye instituty kabardintsev i ikh krizis v kontse XVIII – pervoi polovine XIX veka [Traditional social institutions of the Kabardians and their crisis at the end of the 18th – first half of the 19th century]. – Nalchik: El'-fa. 1994. – 440 p. (In Russ.).
10. KARDANOV Ch. E. Put' k Rossii [The Way to Russia]. – Nal'chik: El'brus, 2001. – 432 p. (In Russ.).
11. KOZHEV Z.A. Politicheskaya istoriya Cherkesii (s nachala XV v. do 1763 g.) [Political history of Chircassia (from the beginning of the XVth century to 1763)]. IN: Adygskaya, (cherkesskaya) entsiklopediya [Adyghe (chirkassian) encyclopedia]. – Moscow: Fund, named after B.H. Akbashev, 2006. – P. 168–203. (In Russ.).
12. KOZHEV Z.A. Politicheskii proekt Kemirgoko Idarova. Opyt istoricheskoi rekonstruktsii [Po-litical project of Kemirgoko Idarov. The experience of historical reconstruction]. IN: Sbornik nauch-nykh statei po materialam regional’noi internet-konferentsii «Sotsial’no-politicheskoe i kul’turnoe prostranstvo Tsentral’nogo i Severo-Zapadnogo Kavkaza v XVI – nach. XX v.: napravlenie i dina-mika integratsionnykh protsessov» (g. Nal’chik, 19–30 oktyabrya 2015 g.). – Nalchik, 2015. – P. 29–44. (In Russ.).
13. KOZHEV Z.A. Ocherki voenno-politicheskoi istorii Cherkesii XV–XVII vv. [Essays on the mili-tary and political history of Chircassia in the XV–XVII centuries]. – Nalchik: Print Center, 2020. – 144 p. (In Russ.).
14. KUSHEVA E. N. Narody Severnogo Kavkaza i ikh svyazi s Rossiei (vtoraya polovina XVI – 30-e gody XVII veka) [The peoples of the North Caucasus and their ties with Russia (second half of the XVI – 30s of the XVII century)]. – Moscow: Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1963. – 372 p. (In Russ.).
15. Kabardino-russkie otnosheniya v XVI–XVIII vv. [Kabardian-russian relations in the XVI–XVIII centuries]: Documents and materials in 2 volumes. Vol. I. – Moscow: Publishing house of the AS USSR, 1957. – 478 p. (In Russ.).
16. MAL’BAKHOV B., EL’MESOV A. Srednevekovaya Kabarda [Medieval Kabarda]. – Nal-chik: El’brus, 1994. – 350 p. (In Russ.).
17. NALOEVA E.D. Genealogiya kabardinskikh knyazei kak istoricheskii istochnik [The genealo-gy of the Kabardian princes as a historical source (An album of 14 genealogical maps)]. IN: NAL-OEVA E.D. Kabarda v pervoi polovine XVIII veka: genezis adygskogo feodal'nogo sotsiuma i prob-lemy sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoi istorii / Sost. A.S. Mirzoev [Kabarda in the first half of the 18th cen-tury: the genesis of the Adyghe feudal society and the problems of socioeconomic history. Compiled by A.S. Mirzoev]. – Nalchik: Pechatny Dvor Ltd., 2015. – 371 p. (Prilozhenie) (In Russ.).
18. Narodnye pesni i instrumental’nye naigryshi adygov [Folk Songs and Instrumental Rants of the Adygs]. Vol. 3. Pаrt. 1. – M.: Sovetskii kompozitor, 1986. – 264 p. (In Russ.).
19. NOGMOV SH.B. Istoriya adykheiskogo naroda [The history of the adyghhe people]. – Nal-chik: Elbrus, 1994. – 232 p. (In Russ.).
20. OZOVA F.A. Institut amanatstva v cherkessko-rossijskih otnoshenijah 1552-1829 gg. [Insti-tute of amanats in Circassian-Russian relations 1552-1829]. – St. Petersburg: Limited Liability Com-pany «Nestor-History». 2020. – 632 p. (In Russ.).
21. SMIRNOV N.A. Politika Rossii na Kavkaze v XVI-XIX vekah. [Russian policy in the Caucasus in the 16th-19th centuries]. – M.: Publishing house of socio-economic literature, 1958. – 243 p. (In Russ.).
22. VILINBAKHOV V.B. Iz istorii russko-kabardinskogo boevogo sodruzhestva [From the histo-ry of the russian-kabardian military community]. – Nalchik: Publishing house of M. and V. Kotlya-rovs, 2017. – 280 p. (In Russ.).
23. Fol’klor adygov v zapisyakh i publikatsiyakh XIX – nachala XX veka [Folklore of the Adygs in records and publications of the 19th – early 20th centuries]. Book. 2. – Nal’chik: El’brus, 1988. – 272 p. (In Russ.).
24. Adyge IueryIuatekher [Adyghe folklore]. Vol. II. – Nalshyk: El’brus, 1969. – 412 p. (In Cir-cassian).
Review
For citations:
Kozhev Z.A. Internal political crisis in the Kabarda in 1589: background, historical context, implications. E-Journal “Kavkazologiya”. 2023;(4):40-54. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31143/2542-212X-2023-4-40-54. EDN: AVBXZU
Views:
12
Email this article 