The functional and semantic potential of the zoolexeme eshek 'donkey' in the karachay-balkar language

The article is devoted to the vocabulary of the Karachay-Balkarian language. In it, the faunonym eshek 'donkey' is subjected to a multilateral analysis, its word-formation intentions are revealed, and its representation in the composition of various kinds of onyms is noted. The paper notes that the zoolexeme being analyzed is associated with relevant components for the Karachay-Balkarian ethno- and linguistic culture, which, being archaic, are relevant for modern times. In its most general form, in the worldview of the Karachay-Balkarian ethnic group, the donkey appears as a pet, characterized by such characteristics as stubbornness, endurance, hard work and resourcefulness, and love for offspring, which is determined by the worldview of the ethnic group and its mentality, and is mostly found in the corpus of Karachay-Balkarian proverbs and sayings. The donkey is prey for wolves, and its image is in opposition to the image of the horse, which stands much higher in the hierarchy of domestic animals. In animal fairy tales, the donkey, by virtue of his good nature, gets into a difficult situation, but finds opportunities to regain his advantageous status. The poeticized image of the donkey generally correlates with its traditional folk image. The analyzed empirical material makes it possible to speak in general about the universals associated with the image of a donkey. The Eshek zoolexeme is a significant element of the zoomorphic cultural code in the Karachay-Balkarian worldview.

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