The truth of life in the works of Ulbashev Ahmadiya

The article examines the literary heritage of one of the founders of professional Balkarian literature, the poet and writer Akhmadia Ulbashev (1905–1965), his traces the stages of life and creativity. Albeit the fate of A. Ulbashev developed dramatically (in 1935, he was arrested and exiled to Kolyma for 20 years on a false denunciation) he reacted sensitive and bold to the difficult circumstances of life and tragic collisions of the historical era. In his work, a mirror reflection of the picture of the restless time in which he lived was found. The main object of the analysis is his collection of poems “Cherek” (“River”), perceived by the astute reader as a confession about the life of the “punished” author. The title of the book is symbolic: a person’s life is like a river, which “making its way through steep mountains, opens a wide road for itself” (“Chyngyl kayalany talap, zhyryp, // Kesine keng zhol achkhancha ...”). The poet’s work reveals the depth of philosophical reflections on the meaning of life, good and evil, death, freedom, the fate of the people. As seen from the contents of the collection, the thematic range of A.Ulbashev’s lyrics is wide: poems about the fate of the people (“Mingi Tau” (“Elbrus”), “Ullu palakh” (“Big Trouble”)), the nature of the native land (“Chyrpyla” (“Bushes”), “Shaudan” (“Spring”), “Tabiygat” (“Nature”) alternate with philosophical (“Kyadar” (Fate"), “Otun” (“Firewood”), “Sokur kel” (“Blind soul”), “Cherek” (“River”), “Mounds of kimdi?” (“Who is happy”?)) and love lyrics (“Meni syugenim” (“My beloved”), “Baldyrgan” (“Anis”)). In several works (“Katyn” (“Woman”), “Zhashlag” (“Guys”), “Adam” (“Man”), “Mytyrny zharsiuu” (“The Suffering of the lazy”)) moral issues are being actualized. In fables written in the genre (“Beryu” (“Wolf”), “Oyumsuz” (“Unreasonable”), “Tulkyu blah adak” (“Fox and Rooster”), “Kishtik” (“Cat”) and fairy tales (“Mamai blah emegenle” (Mamai and the Monster"), “Indian zhomak” (“Indian fairy tale”)) human vices are exposed.

Many of A. Ulbashev’s poetic works are full of aphorisms. The two-lines, capacious in meaning, convey the essence of the author’s thought, containing everyday folk wisdom. The verses “Sabiy” (“Child”), “Kiyim” (“Clothes”), etc. abound with moralizing sayings. The central place in the poet’s creative arsenal is occupied by the autobiographical poem “Aliy” (1939-1956), the prototype of the main character of which is the author himself, who survived the unbearable hardships of exile life on Kolyma. It reveals the bitter truth of life, praises the unshakable courage, the strength of the hero’s spirit in a distant Siberian exile. The article also examines the writer’s stories (“Seyir uchuu” (“Interesting flight”), “Ege ana” (“Stepmother”)), identifies thematic and artistic features of the works. Because of the research, A. Ulbashev’s persistent striving in his work for a truthful reproduction of reality is noted, which contributed to a deep realism in the artistic coverage of the dramatic fate of a person / people.

The work uses historical, comparative methods, the method of literary analysis.

1. BITTIRLANY T. Kyuisyuz zhyllany shag'aty [Witness to a tragic era]. IN: Zhashaunu dersleri. – Nal'chik: El'brus, 2005. – B. 37-42. (In Karachay-Balkarian).

2. Malk"ar literaturany istoriyasyny ocherkleri [Essays on the history of Balkarian literature]. – Nal'chik: El'brus, 1978. – 452 b. (In Karachay-Balkarian).

3. MALK"ARLY A. Ege ana [Stepmother]. IN: Shuekhluk". – 1963. – № 21. – B. 17-24. (In Karachay-Balkarian).

4. MALK"ARLY. Kech kelgen k"ag"yt [Belated letter]. IN: Mingi-tau. – 1983. – № 2. – B. 35-39. (In Karachay-Balkarian).

5. Ocherki istorii balkarskoi literatury [Essays on the history of Balkarian literature]. – Nal'chik: El'brus, 1981. – P. 229-242. (In Russ.).

6. Ocherki istorii balkarskoi literatury [Essays on the history of Balkarian literature]. – Nal'chik: Respublikanskii poligrafkombinat im. Revolyutsii 1905 g., 2010. – 808 p. (In Russ.).

7. SARBASHEVA A. Ulbashev Akhmadiya [Ulbashev Akhmadiya]. IN: Pisateli Kabardino-Balkarii (KhIKh –konets 80-kh gg. XX v.) Biobibliografi cheskii slovar’. – Nal’chik: El’-Fa, 2003. – P. 359–361. (In Russ.).

8. SARBASHEVA A. Balkarskaya proza v 1970-1990-e gody [Balkar prose in the 1970s-1990s]. IN: Ocherki istorii balkarskoi literatury [Essays on the history of Balkarian literature]. – Nal'chik: Respublikanskii poligrafkombinat im. Revolyutsii 1905 g., 2010. – P. 418–446. (In Russ.).

9. SARBASHEVA A.M. Deaktualizatsiya dukhovnogo naslediya na ehtape stanovleniya bal-karskoi literatury v nachale ХХ veka [Deactualization of spiritual heritage at the stage of for-mation of Balkar literature at the beginning of the twentieth century]. IN: Filologicheskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki. – Tambov: Izdatel'stvo Gramota, 2016. – № 5–1 (59). – P. 21-23. (In Russ.).

10. TABAK"SOILANY M. Khalk" adamy [People's Man]. IN: Ulbashlany A. Cherek. – Nal'chik: El'brus, 1995. – 5–16 b. (In Karachay-Balkarian).

11. UL'BASHEV A. Seiirlik uchuu [Interesting flight]. IN: Shuekhluk". – 1967. – № 1. – B. 30-37. (In Karachay-Balkarian).

12. ULBASHLANY A. Cherek [River]. – Nal'chik: El'brus, 1995. – 144 b. (In Karachay- Balka-rian).

13.