Projects and problems of construction of Terek hydroelectric power plant in 1909-1912
https://doi.org/10.31143/2542-212X-2022-3-66-82
EDN: BGBOPJ
Abstract
In the early decades of electricity development, water flows were the most powerful and economically viable source of energy for large industrial facilities and power systems. Mountainous areas provided convenient conditions for the construction of hydroelectric installations without flooding of territories and relatively low capital costs. Therefore, the North Caucasus was one of the first regions in Russia to be targeted by hydroelectric power. The article deals with the problems of designing the first high-head Terskaya hydropower station in the Caucasus, and with the clash of interests of several groups of entrepreneurs who fought for the right to build it with the support of various pressure groups in high places in the Russian Empire and foreign countries. In this struggle, the interests of the railways and power engineers clashed with those of the political and military authorities, and as a result, the project was delayed for over 100 years.
Keywords
North Caucasus,
Terek hydroelectric power station,
Perevalnaya railroad,
Statkovsky,
Kuchinsky,
Charles Stewart
Supporting agencies: The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian National Federation within the framework of the scientific project № 22-28-00787 "Formation of a hydropower complex in Kabardino-Balkaria in the 20s and 30s of the XX century: plans, preparation, implementation."
About the Authors
Rasul S. Gurtuev
Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Laboratory assistant.
Nalchick
Petr A. Kuzminov
Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Doctor of Science (History), professor.
Nalchick
Karina A. Sundukova
Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Laboratory assistant.
Nalchick
Inna S. Takhusheva
Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Laboratory assistant.
Nalchick
References
1. ANDRIEVSKIJ N. Suhum-kale, ego dannye i vozmozhnaja budushhnost'; osnovanija dlja osushhestvlenija k nemu zheleznyh dorog cherez Glavnyj Kavkazskij hrebet i ot Zakavkazskoj ih seti [Sukhum-Kale, its data and possible future; grounds for the implementation of railways to it through the Greater Caucasus Range and from the Transcaucasian network]. – Saint-Peterburg: V.S. Balashev & Co. tip., 1895. – 68 p. (In Russ.).
2. CORIEV R.I. Jelektrifikacija gornogo kraja [Electrification of the mountainous region] – Ordzhonikidze: Ir, 1988. – 239 p. (In Russ.).
3. CUCIEV B.A. Jekonomika i kul'tura Severnoj Osetii [The economy and culture of North Ossetia]. – Ordzhonikidze, 1967;
4. DANIJALOV A.D. Stroitel'stvo socializma v Dagestane 1921–1940 gg [Building Socialism in Dagestan 1921-1940]. – Moscow, 1975 i dr. (In Russ.).
5. DARCHIEVA S.V. DARCHIEV A.V. Nerealizovannyj proekt stroitel'stva zheleznoj dorogi: Kavkazskaja pereval'naja doroga [Unrealised railway project: the Caucasus Pass Road]. // Bylye gody, 2017, vol. 45, No. 3, P. 928–936. (In Russ.).
6. Doklad R.K. fon-Gartmana Ego Prevoshoditel'stvu g-nu ministru finansov po delu o sooruzhenii zheleznoj dorogi po vostochnomu beregu Chernogo morja [Report by R.K. von Hartmann to His Excellency the Minister of Finance on the construction of the railway on the eastern shore of the Black Sea] – St. Petersburg: A.E. Vineke pr., 1898. – 53 p. (In Russ.).
7. Fil'kovich N.V. Jekonomicheskij ocherk k proektu postrojki «Central'no-kavkazskoj» zheleznoj dorogi cherez Rokskij ili Magskij perevaly Glavnogo Kavkazskogo hrebta [Economic sketch for the project of building the «Central Caucasus» railway via the Roki or Magi Passes of the Main Caucasus Range] 2 ed. – St-Petersburg: I. Gershun typ., 1901. – 91 p. (In Russ.).
8. GOREV A.A. Vodnye resursy Zakavkaz'ja i znachenie ih utilizacii v obshhem plane narodnogo hozjajstva [Transcaucasian Water Resources and the Importance of their Utilization in the General Plan of the National Economy] // Planovoe hozjajstvo. 1928. – № 3. – P. 221-230. (In Russ.).
9. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rostovskoi oblasti [State Archive of the Rostov Region]. F.1952. In.1. C. 299.
10. GRISHHENKOA.I., ZINOVATNYJ P.S. Jenergeticheskoe pravo Rossii (Pravovoe regulirovanie jelektrojenergetiki v 1885–1918 gg.) [Energy Law of Russia (Legal Regulation of the Electric Power Industry in 1885-1918)] – Moscow: Jurist, 2008. – 279 p. (In Russ.).
11. GURTUEV R.S. Obsuzhdenie proekta stroitel'stva Baksanskoj GJeS na zasedanii Prezidiuma Kabardino-Balkarskogo oblispolkoma 27 fevralja 1927 g [Discussion of the Baksan HPP construction project at a meeting of the Presidium of the Kabardino-Balkarian Regional Executive Committee on 27 February 1927.]. // Izvestija Severo-Osetinskogo instituta gumanitarnyh i social'nyh issledovanij. – 2019. – Vol. 22. – P. 124-133.
12. GURTUEV R.S., KUZ'MINOV P.A. Nakoplenie nauchnyh znanij o gidrojenergeticheskih resursah Severnogo Kavkaza i pervye shagi po ih realizacii [The accumulation of scientific knowledge on hydropower resources in the North Caucasus and the first steps towards their implementation]. In: «Kavkazologija». – 2020. – № 4. – P. 95-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31143/2542-212X-2020-4-95-106. (In Russ.).
13. GURTUEV R.S., KUZ'MINOV P.A. Proekt jelektrifikacii Kabardino-Balkarskoj avtonomnoj oblasti V.A. Pokshishevskogo (1927 g.) [V.A. Pokshishevsky's project for the electrification of the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Oblast (1927)]. // Vestnik Akademii nauk Chechenskoj Respubliki. – 2019. – № 4 (47). – P. 76-82.
14. Izvestija Geologicheskogo komiteta [Proceedings of the Geological Committee]. 1917. Vol. 36. No. 1. – Petrograd: tip. M.M. Stasjulevich. 1917. – P. 524–527. (In Russ.).
15. Jelektrifikacija SSSR. Sbornik dokumentov i materialov 1926-1932 gg [Electrification of the USSR. Collection of documents and materials 1926-1932.]. – Moscow: Ekonomika, 1966. – 477 p. (In Russ.).
16. KIREEV F.S. K voprosu o dorevoljucionnyh proektah pereval'noj zheleznoj dorogi v Zakavkaz'e [On the pre-revolutionary projects of the Transcaucasian railroad]. // Vestnik Severo-Osetinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. K. Khetagurova. 2021. Vol. 4. P. 32–37.(In Russ.).
17. MEDALIEV H.T. Socialisticheskaja industrializacija Kabardino-Balkarii (1928–1937gg.) [Socialist Industrialisation of Kabardino-Balkaria (1928-1937)]. Nal'chik, 1959;
18. ORTOBAEV B.H. Razvitie jekonomiki Severnoj Osetii v konce XIX–nachale XX vv [The development of the economy of North Ossetia in the late XIX–early XX century]. – Ordzhonikidze,1967;
19. Osobyj doklad pochetnomu predsedatelju Imperatorskogo Russkogo tehnicheskogo obshhestva ego imperatorskomu vysochestvu velikomu knjazju Aleksandru Mihajlovichu, g. Tiflis, 1906-1912 : [o proekte jelektricheskoj pereval'noj zheleznoj dorogi na Kavkaze] / Inzhener-polkovnika Kuchinskogo [Special report to His Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, Honorary Chairman of the Imperial Russian Technical Society, Tiflis, 1906-1912 : [about the project of the electric pass railway in the Caucasus] / Colonel-Engineer Kuchinsky] – Tiflis, 1912. – 28 p. (In Russ.).
20. Plan GOJeLRO. Jelektrifikacija Kavkazskogo rajona [GOELRO plan. Electrification of the Caucasian Region]. – Moscow: The Scientific and Technical Department of the Supreme Council of the National Economy, 1920. – 50 p. (In Russ.).
21. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii arkhiv [Russian State Historical Archive]. F.1276. In. 20. C. 56. S. 136–147 ob.
22. SIMONOV N.S. Razvitie jelektrojenergetiki Rossijskoj Imperii: predystorija GOJeLRO [Development of the Electric Power Industry of the Russian Empire: the Prehistory of GOELRO]. – Moscow: Dmitry Pozharsky University, 2016. – 318 p. (In Russ.).
23. STATKOVSKIJ B.I. Zheleznaja doroga cherez Glavnyj Kavkazskij hrebet na Suhum [Railway across the Greater Caucasus Range to Sukhum]. – Tiflis: Chief civilian officer of the Caucasus tip., 1895. – 28 p. (In Russ.).
24. Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii arkhiv [Central State Historical Archive]. F. 1276. In. 5. C. 284.
25. VURCEL' E.D. K voprosu o postrojke zheleznodorozhnoj magistral'noj linii pervostepennogo znachenija dlja soedinenija seti Vladikavkazskoj i Zakavkazskih dorog peresecheniem glavnogo Kavkazskogo hrebta v central'noj ego chasti [Concerning the construction of a railway line of paramount importance to connect the Vladikavkaz and Transcaucasian railways network by crossing the main Caucasus mountain range in its central part]. – Tiflis: E.A. Liberman tip., 1907. – 42 p. (In Russ.).
Review
For citations:
Gurtuev R.S., Kuzminov P.A., Sundukova K.A., Takhusheva I.S. Projects and problems of construction of Terek hydroelectric power plant in 1909-1912. Kavkazologiya. 2022;(3):66-82. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31143/2542-212X-2022-3-66-82. EDN: BGBOPJ
Views:
11
Email this article 