The armed protest of the rural population of Kuban and The Black Sea region as a factor in regulat-ing the economic policy of the bolsheviks in the early 1920 s.
https://doi.org/10.31143/2542-212X-2024-4-87-99
EDN: HRBFJE
Abstract
The active armed movement of the rural population, which swept most regions of Soviet Russia after the Civil War ended, was largely similar in its main features, namely: the causes of uprisings, driving forces, political and economic demands, slogans, organizational structure of detachments and tactics of fighting. In turn, the methods and means of their suppression by the Bolsheviks were identical – the active use of regular units of the Red Army or special forces. At the same time, referring to the characteristics of the white-green movement in the Kuban and Chernomor, we note the presence of certain features due to the historical development of the region. The first is the issue of economic activity, which underwent significant changes during the development of capitalism in the early twentieth century, when contradictions arose between the expansion of agriculture and the growth of military duties by the Cossacks as a military service class. During the period of military upheavals of 1914–1920. These contradictions have escalated and formed the basis of the confrontation between the government and rural society in the Kuban and the Black Sea region as a result of a decrease in the productivity of individual farms. The second is the strong traditions of self-government and communal land ownership that persisted in the Cossack region, which did not correspond to the ideological guidelines of the RCP(b) of the direct construction of socialism based on military-communist methods of distribution and consumption. These facts served as the basis for the beginning of the insurgency of the rural population of Kuban and the Black Sea region in the early 1920 s. and we determined its regional peculiarities.
References
1. BARANOV A.V. Povstancheskoe dvizhenie «belo-zelenykh» v kazach'ikh oblastyakh Yuga Rossii (1920–1924 gg.) [The White-Green Insurgency in the Cossack regions of Southern Russia (1920–1924)] IN: Al'manakh «Belaya gvardiya». – № 8. Kazachestvo Rossii v Belom dvizhenii. – Moscow: Posev, 2005. – P. 119–129. (In Russ.).
2. BORISOV D.A. Kolesnikovshchina. Antikommunisticheskoe vosstanie voronezhskogo krest'yanstva v 1920–1921 gg. [ Kolesnikovism. The anti-communist uprising of the Voronezh peas-antry in 1920-1921.]. – Moscow: Posev, 2012. – 164 p. (In Russ.).
3. BUISKII A.A. Krasnaya Armiya na vnutrennem fronte. Bor'ba s belogvardeiskimi vosstani-yami i banditizmom. [The Red Army on the home front. The fight against White Guard uprisings and banditry]. – Moscow – Leningrad: Otdel voennoi literatury, 1927. – 95 p. (In Russ.).
4. Byulleten' Pyatogo (Vtorogo) Kubano-Chernomorskogo oblastnogo s"ezda Sovetov [Bulletin of the Fifth (Second) Kuban-Black Sea Regional Congress of Soviets]. – Krasnodar – 1921 – 4 dekabrya. – № 3. – P. 22. (In Russ.).
5. VERT N. Istoriya Sovetskogo gosudarstva. 1900–1991. [The history of the Soviet state. 1900–1991.]. – Moscow: Ves' mir, 2006. – 559 p. (In Russ.).
6. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Krasnodarskogo kraya [State Archive of the Krasnodar Territory]. (In Russ.).
7. GENKINA E.B. Perekhod Sovetskogo gosudarstva k novoi ekonomicheskoi politike (1921–1922). [The transition of the Soviet state to a new economic policy (1921–1922)]. – Moscow: Gos-politizdat, 1954 – 505 p. (In Russ.).
8. Glavnoe Upravlenie Ministerstva Vnutrennikh Del Rossii po Krasnodarskomu krayu. Infor-matsionnyi tsentr. Otdel spetsial'nykh fondov. [The Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Af-fairs of Russia for the Krasnodar Territory. Information center. Department of Special Funds] (In Russ.).
9. GRATSIOZI A. Velikaya krest'yanskaya voina v SSSR. Bol'sheviki i krest'yane. 1917–1933. [The Great Peasant War in the USSR. Bolsheviks and peasants. 1917–1933.]. – Moscow: Rossi-iskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya, 2001. – 96 p. (In Russ.).
10. KOZAKOV A. Obshchie prichiny vozniknoveniya banditizma i krest'yanskikh vosstanii [Common causes of banditry and peasant uprisings]. IN: Krasnaya armiya. – 1921. – № 9. – P. 21–39. (In Russ.).
11. KANTOR YU. Z. Voina i mir Tukhachevskogo. [Tukhachevsky's War and Peace]. – Moscow: Izdatel'skii dom «Ogonek»; «Vremya», 2005. – 576 p. (In Russ.).
12. KRATOVA N.V. Povstancheskoe dvizhenie na Kubani i v Pyatigor'e v nachale 20-kh godov XX veka. [The insurgency in the Kuban and Pyatigorsk in the early 20s of the XX century.]. – Ros-tov-on-Don: Izd-vo YuNTs RAN, 2012. – 254 p. (In Russ.).
13. Krest'yanskoe dvizhenie v Tambovskoi gubernii (1917–1918): dokumenty i materialy [Peasant movement in Tambov province (1917–1918): documents and materials] / Edited by V. Danilova i T. Shanina. – Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2003. – 480 p. (In Russ.).
14. LENIN V.I. Novaya ekonomicheskaya politika i zadachi politprosvetov: Doklad na II Vserossi-iskom s"ezde politprosvetov 17 oktyabrya 1921 g. [The new economic policy and the tasks of politi-cal enlightenment: A report at the II All-Russian Congress of Political Enlightenment on October 17, 1921]. IN: Lenin V.I. Poln. sobr. soch. – Moscow: Politizdat, 1977. – V. 44. – P. 155–175. (In Russ.).
15. LENIN V.I. VI Moskovskaya gubpartkonferentsiya. Doklad o novoi ekonomicheskoi politike 29–31 oktyabrya 1921 g. [VI Moscow gubpartconference. Report on the New Economic Policy Oc-tober 29–31, 1921]. IN: Lenin V.I. Poln. sobr. soch. – Moscow: Politizdat, 1977. – V. 44. – P. 191–220. (In Russ.).
16. NEFEDOV S.A. Krest'yanstvo i mirovaya voina [The Peasantry and the World War] / Russ-koe krest'yanstvo i Pervaya mirovaya voina: sbornik nauchnykh statei / / Edited by P.P. Marchenya, S.Yu. Razina. – Moscow: Izd-vo Ippolitova, 2016. – 810 p. (In Russ.).
17. OSTAPENKO P.I. Kazach'i gosudarstvennye obrazovaniya na yuge Rossii (fevral' 1917 – nachalo 1920 g.) [Cossack state formations in the south of Russia (February 1917 – early 1920)] (is-toriko-pravovoi analiz): dis. ... d-ra yur. nauk. – Krasnodar, 2004. – 443 p. (In Russ.).
18. PAIPS R. Russkaya revolyutsiya. Rossiya pod bol'shevikami 1918–1924. Kn. 3. [The Russian Revolution. Russia under the Bolsheviks 1918-1924. Book 3.]. – Moscow: Zakharov, 2005. – 704 p. (In Russ.).
19. POSADSKII A.V. Zelenoe dvizhenie v Grazhdanskoi voine v Rossii. Krest'yanskii front mezhdu krasnymi i belymi. 1918–1922 gg. [The Green Movement in the Russian Civil War. The peasant front between the Reds and the Whites. 1918–1922]. – Moscow: Tsentrpoligraf, 2018. – 319 p. (In Russ.).
20. RAENKO YA.N. Khronika istoricheskikh sobytii na Donu, Kubani i Chernomor'e. Vyp. 1. [Chronicle of historical events on the Don, Kuban and the Black Sea region. Issue 1.]. – Rostov-on-Don. Rostovskoe oblastnoe knigoizdatel'stvo, 1939. – 154 p. (In Russ.).
21. RATUSHNYAK V.N. Ekonomicheskoe osvoenie Kubani. [Economic development of the Kuban]. – Krasnodar, 1993. Sovetskaya Kuban' – 656 p. (In Russ.).
22. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics]. (In Russ.).
23. Russkoe krest'yanstvo i Pervaya mirovaya voina: mezhdunarodnyi kruglyi stol [The Russian Peasantry and the First World War: an international round table] / Edited by P.P. Marchenko, S.Yu. Razina IN: Novyi istoricheskii vestnik. – 2014 – № 2 (40). – P. 8–89. (In Russ.).
24. TELITSYN V.L. «Bessmyslennyi i besposhchadnyi»?..: Fenomen krest'yanskogo bunta 1917–1921 gg. ["Senseless and merciless"?..: The phenomenon of the peasant revolt of 1917–1921.]. – Moscow: Izd-vo RGGU, 2002. – 338 p. (In Russ.).
25. TRIFONOV I.YA. Klassovaya i klassovaya bor'ba v SSSR v nachale nepa (1921–1923 gg.). Chast' 1. Bor'ba s vooruzhennoi kulatskoi kontrrevolyutsiei. [Class and class struggle in the USSR at the beginning of the NEP (1921–1923). Part 1. The struggle against the armed Kulak counterrevolu-tion.]. – Leningrad: Leningradskii universitet, 1964. – 311 p. (In Russ.).
26. TUKHACHEVSKII M.N. Bor'ba s kontrrevolyutsionnymi vosstaniyami [The fight against counter-revolutionary uprisings] IN: Voina i revolyutsiya. – 1926 – № 7 // Sait «Voennaya litera-tura» URL:https:// https://militera.lib.ru/science/tuhachevsky_mn03/index.html (data obrashcheniya: 09.11.2024). (In Russ.).
27. KHOLMS L. Sotsial'naya istoriya Rossii: 1917–1941. [The Social History of Russia: 1917-1941.]. – Rostov-on-Don: Izd-vo Rost. un-ta, 1993. – 142 p. (In Russ.).
28. Tsentr dokumentatsii noveishei istorii Krasnodarskogo kraya. [Documentation Center of the modern history of the Krasnodar Territory]. (In Russ.).
29. CHERKASOV A.A. Kubano-Chernomorskoe povstancheskoe dvizhenie (1920–1922 gg.): kratkaya kharakteristika [The Kuban-Black Sea Insurgency (1920-1922): a brief description] IN: By-lye gody. Sochi. – 2006. – № 2 (2). – P. 12–20. (In Russ.).
30. EIDEMAN R.P. Bor'ba s kulatskim povstanchestvom i banditizmom [The fight against Kulak insurgency and banditry]. – Khar'kov. Izd-vo Politupravleniya vsekh vooruzhennykh sil Ukrainy i Kryma, 1921. – 44 p. (In Russ.).
31. YABLOCHKINA I.V. Retsidivy Grazhdanskoi voiny. Antigosudarstvennye vooruzhennye vystupleniya i povstancheskoe dvizhenie v Sovetskoi Rossii. 1921–1925 gg. [Relapses of the Civil War. Anti-State armed demonstrations and the insurgency in Soviet Russia. 1921-1925]. – Moscow: Firma «Khel'ga», 2000 – 495 p. (In Russ.).
32. YAKHUTL' YU.A. Kubano-Chernomorskaya oblast' v usloviyakh protivostoyaniya vlasti i sel'skogo naseleniya (1920–1924 gg.). Dokumenty i materialy. [Kuban-Black Sea region in the con-ditions of confrontation between the government and the rural population (1920–1924). Documents and materials]. – Krasnodar: Kubanskii gos. un-t, 2022. – 436 p. (In Russ.).
Review
For citations:
Yakhutl Yu.A. The armed protest of the rural population of Kuban and The Black Sea region as a factor in regulat-ing the economic policy of the bolsheviks in the early 1920 s. Kavkazologiya. 2024;(4):87-99. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31143/2542-212X-2024-4-87-99. EDN: HRBFJE
Views:
8
Email this article 