THE INTERACTION OF THE LOCAL JUDICIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL INSTITUTIONS IN THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS IN 1793-1822

The article considers some peculiarities of interaction of institutions of local judicial and administrative control in the Big and Small Kabarda in 1793-1822. The jurisdiction of the Mozdok Upper Border Court and the ancestral courts and the executions have been determined, The forms of their communication have been analyzed, the specifics and approaches of the authorities to the resolution of the personnel issue and the consolidation of the status of local ethnoelite representatives elected to the posts of judges and elected jurors have been determined. The role of the officers (chiefs) of Kabarda and the Russian military specially assigned to the ancestral courts has been defined in this process. The approaches of the Russian authorities to the staffing of ancestral courts and executions have been identified, mechanisms for the appointment and approval of judges and judges have been described, and the related difficulties have been considered. The consequences of the introduction of local judicial and administrative control institutions in Big and Small Кabardа and the response of the local population to these innovations are described. Information is given on the reorganization of the justice system in this region in 1806-1807. It is noted that the introduction of initial forms of judicial and administrative control in the Central Caucasus had mixed consequences (on the one hand, obtaining salaries and military ranks of employees of these courts, on the other - their boycott and evasion of the duties assigned by the new system).

1. ABAZOV A.Kh. Narody Tsentral'nogo Kavkaza v sudebnoi sisteme Rossiiskoi imperii v kontse XVIII – nachale XX v. [The peoples of the Central Caucasus in the judicial system of the Russian Empire in the late 18th and early 20th centuries] – Nalchik: OOO «Pechatnyi dvor», 2016. – 264 p. (In Russian)

2. Adygskaya (cherkesskaya) entsiklopediya [Adyghe (Circassian) encyclopedia]. – M.: Fonda imeni B.Kh. Akbasheva pri uchastii Mezhdunarodnoi Cherkesskoi assotsiatsii, 2006. – 1248 p. (In Russian)

3. AFAUNOVA M.I. Popytki ustanovleniya rodovykh sudov i rasprav v Kabarde (1793–1807) [Attempts to establish ancestral vessels and massacres in Cabard (1793-1807)]. IN: Vestnik instituta gumanitarnykh issledovanii Pravitel'stva KBR i KBNTs RAN. – Nalchik, 2008. – Iss. 15. – P. 37-54. (In Russian)

4. Akty Kavkazkoi arkheograficheskoi komissii [Acts of the Caucasus archeographic commission]. – T. 2. – Tiflis: Tipografiya glavnogo upravleniya namestnika Kavkazskogo, 1868. – 1238 p. (In Russian)

5. BEITUGANOV S.N. Kabarda v familiyakh [Kabarda in surnames]. – Nalchik: El'brus, 1993. – 304 p. (In Russian)

6. BLIEV M.M. Osetiya v pervoi treti XIX v [Ossetia in the first third of the 19th century]. – Ordzhonikidze: Sev.-Oset. kn. izd-vo, 1964. – 174 p. (In Russian)

7. BLIEV M.M. Russko-osetinskie otnosheniya (40-e gg. XVIII – 30-e gg. XIX v.) [Russian-Ossetian relations (40th XVIII – 30th XIX century)]. – Ordzhonikidze: Izdatel'stvo IR, 1970. – 380 p. (In Russian)

8. BLIEVA Z.M. Rossiiskii byurokraticheskii apparat i narody Tsentral'nogo Kavkaza v kontse XVIII – 80 gody XIX veka [Russian bureaucracy and peoples of the Central Caucasus in the late 18th and 80 years of the 19th century]. 2-e izd., pererab. – Vladikavkaz: Institut istorii i arkheologii Respubliki Severnaya Osetiya-Alaniya, 2015. – 397 p. (In Russian)

9. BLIEVA Z.M. Sistema upravleniya na Severnom Kavkaze v kontse XVIII – pervoi treti XIX v. [Management system in the North Caucasus at the end of XVIII – the first third of XIX century]. – Vladikavkaz: SOGU, 1992. – 108 p. (In Russian)

10. BUSHUEV S.K. Iz istorii russko-kabardinskikh otnoshenii [From the history of Russian-Kabardin relations]. – Nalchik: Kabardinskoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo, 1956. – 192 p. (In Russian)

11. BUTKOV P.G. Materialy dlya novoi istorii Kavkaza s 1722 po 1803 g. [Materials for the new history of the Caucasus from 1722 to 1803]. – SPb.: Tipografiya imperatorskoi akademii nauk, 1869. – Part 3. – 621 р. (In Russian)

12. DUMANOV Kh.M., KETOV M.Yu. Adyge khabze i sud v Kabarde vo vtoroi polovine XVIII–XIX v. [Adyge habze and court in Kabard in the second half of the XVIII-XIX century] – Nalchik: Izdatel'stvo KBNTs RAN, 2000. – 140 p. (In Russian)

13. DZIDZOEV A.D. Sudebnaya politika na Severnom Kavkaze v XIX – pervoi treti XX v. Avtoref. dis. ... kand. yurid. nauk [Judicial policy in the North Caucasus in the 19th – the first third of the 20th century. Abstract of the thesis for a Candidate of legal sciences degree]. – SPb., 2011. – 23 p. (In Russian)

14. GARDANOV V.K. Obshchestvennyi stroi adygskikh narodov v XVIII – pervoi polovine XIX veka [Social structure of Adyga peoples in the 18th – the first half of the 19th century]. – Moscow: Nauka, 1967. – 331 p. (In Russian)

15. GRABOVSKII N.F. Ocherk suda i ugolovnykh prestuplenii v kabardinskom okruge [Essay of court and criminal offences in Kabardin district]. IN: Sbornik svedenii o kavkazskikh gortsev. – Tiflis: Tipografiya Glavnogo upravleniya namestnika Kavkazskogo, 1870. – Iss. IV. – P. 1–72. (In Russian)

16. Istoriya Kabardino-Balkarskoi ASSR s drevneishikh vremen do nashikh dnei [History of Kabardino-Balkan ASSR from ancient times to the present day]. Vol. 1: Istoriya Kabardino-Balkarskoi ASSR s drevneishikh vremen do Velikoi Oktyabr'skoi sotsialisticheskoi revolyutsii [The history of the Kabardino-Balkan ASSR from ancient times to the Great October Socialist Revolution]. – M.: Nauka 1967. – 484 p. (In Russian)

17. Istoriya Kabardy s drevneishikh vremen do nashikh dnei [History of Kabarda from ancient times to the present day]. – Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1957. – 396 p. (In Russian)

18. Istoriya mnogovekovogo sodruzhestva: K 450-letiyu soyuza i edineniya narodov Kabardino-Balkarii i Rossii [History of the centuries-old commonwealth: To the 450th anniversary of the union and unity of the peoples of Kabardino-Balkaria and Russia]. – Nalchik: Izd-vo M. i V. Kotlyarovykh, 2007. – 720 p. (In Russian)

19. Iz dokumental'noi istorii kabardino-russkikh otnoshenii (vtoraya polovina XVIII – pervaya polovina XIX vv.) [From the documentary history of kabardino-Russian relations (the second half of XVIII – the first half of XIX centuries)]. Compiler Kh.M. Dumanov. – Nalchik: El'brus, 2000. – 480 p. (In Russian)

20. KALMYKOV Zh.A. Integratsiya Kabardy i Balkarii v obshcherossiiskuyu sistemu upravleniya (vtoraya polovina XVIII – nachalo XX v.) [Integration of Kabarda and Balkaria into the all-Russian management system (second half of XVIII – early XX century)]. – Nalchik: El'-Fa, 2007. – 232 p. (In Russian)

21. KALMYKOV Zh.A. Ustanovlenie russkoi administratsii v Kabarde i Balkarii (konets XVIII – nachale XX v.) [On the time and circumstances of the establishment of "spiritual courts" in Cabard]. – Nalchik: El'brus, 1995. – 125 p. (In Russian)

22. KASUMOV A.Kh., KASUMOV Kh.A. Osvoboditel'naya bor'ba adygskikh narodov v XIX veke [Liberation struggle of Adyga peoples in the 19th century]. IN: Cherkesiya v XIX veke (Materialy 1 Koshekhabl'skogo foruma «Istoriya – dostoyanie naroda») [Circassia in the 19th century (Materials from the 1 Forum "History – Heritage of the People")]. – Maikop: Meoty, 1991. – P. 41-64. (In Russian)

23. KAZHAROV V.Kh. O vremeni i obstoyatel'stvakh uchrezhdeniya «dukhovnykh sudov» v Kabarde [On the time and circumstances of the establishment of "spiritual courts" in Cabard]. IN Istoricheskii vestnik. – Nalchik: KBIGI, 2006. – Iss. III. – P. 398–425. (In Russian)

24. KAZHAROV V.Kh. Traditsionnye obshchestvennye instituty kabardintsev i ikh krizis v kontse XVIII – pervoi poloviny XIX v. [Traditional social institutions of Kabardinians and their crisis in the late 18th – the first half of the 19th century]. – Nalchik: El'-Fa, 1994. – 438 p. (In Russian)

25. KHUBIEV E.Yu. K voprosu o dinamike shariatskogo dvizheniya v Kabarde v kontse XVIII – pervoi polovine XIX v. [To the question of the dynamics of the Sharia movement in Kabard in the late 18th – the first half of the 19th century]. IN: Istoricheskii vestnik KBIGI. – 2007. – Iss. VI. – P. 112-131. (In Russian)

26. KUBATKO A.N. Istoriya stanovleniya rossiiskoi sudebnoi sistemy na Severnom Kavkaze: Konets XVIII – nachalo XX v. Dis. ... kand. ist. nauk. [History of the Russian judicial system in the North Caucasus: Late XVIII – early XX century. The dissertation for the Candidate of historical sciences degree]. – Pyatigorsk, 2002. – 204 p. (In Russian)

27. KUBATKO A.N. Istoriya stanovleniya rossiiskoi sudebnoi sistemy na Severnom Kavkaza (konets XVIII – nachalo XX v.) [History of the Russian judicial system in the North Caucasus (late 18th – early 20th century)]. – Pyatigorsk: izd-vo «Tekhnologicheskii universitet», 2003. – 197 p. (In Russian)

28. KUDASHEV V.N. Istoricheskie svedeniya o kabardinskom narode: K 300-letiyu doma Romanovykh [Historical information about the Kabardin people: To the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanovs]. – Kiev: Tipo-litografiya «S.V. Kul'zhenko», 1913. – 283 p. (In Russian)

29. KUMYKOV T.Kh. Iz istorii sudebnykh uchrezhdenii v Kabardino-Balkarii (konets XVIII – XIX vv.) [From the history of judicial institutions in Kabardino-Balkaria (late 18th – 19th centuries)]. IN: Uchenye zapiski KBNII. Iss. XIX. – Nalchik: Kab.-Balk. kn. izd-vo, 1963. – P. 90-102. (In Russian)

30. MAL'BAKHOV B.K. Kabarda v period ot Petra I do Ermolova (1722-1825 gg.) [Cabarda from Peter I to Yermolov (1722-1825)]. – Nalchik: El'brus, 1998. – 352 p. (In Russian)

31. MAREMKULOV A.N. Osnovy geopolitiki Rossiiskogo gosudarstva na Severnom Kavkaze v XVIII – nachale XIX v.: politiko-pravovoi aspect [The Foundations of Russian State Geopolitical in the North Caucasus in the 18th and early 19th Centuries: Political and Legal Aspect]. – Nalchik: El'brus, 2003. – 152 p. (In Russian)

32. MAREMKULOV A.N. Transformatsiya sudebnoi sistemy v Kabarde v kontse XVIII – pervoi chetverti XIX vv.: istoriko-pravovoi aspekt [Transformation of the judicial system in Cabard in the late 18th – first quarter of the 19th centuries: historical and legal aspect]. IN: Problemy sovershenstvovaniya pravovoi sistemy Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Materialy nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii. [Problems of improving the legal system of the Russian Federation. Proceedings of the Scientific and Practical Conference]. – M.: Kabardino-Balkarskii gosudarstvennyi universitet, 1999. – P. 25-31. (In Russian)

33. Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi voenno-istoricheskii arkhiv [Russian State Military History Archive].

34. Rossiya i narody Severnogo Kavkaza v XVI – seredine XIX veka: sotsiokul'turnaya distantsiya i dvizhenie k gosudarstvenno-politicheskomu edinstvu: monografiya [Russia and the peoples of the North Caucasus in the 16th and mid – 19th century: sociocultural distance and movement towards state-political unity] / Dzamikhov K.F., Borov A.Kh. [and other authors]. – Nalchik: Redaktsionno-izdatel'skii otdel IGI KBNTs RAN, 2018. – 268 p. (In Russian)

35. Severnyi Kavkaz v sostave Rossiiskoi imperii [North Caucasus as part of the Russian Empire]. – M.: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2007. – 460 p. (In Russian)

36. Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Respubliki Dagestan [Central State Archives of the Republic of Dagestan].

37. Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Respubliki Severnaya Osetiya – Alaniya [Central State Archives of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania].

38. Veka sovmestnoi istorii: narody Kabardino-Balkarii v rossiiskom tsivilizatsionnom protsesse (1557-1917 gg) [Centuries of joint history: the peoples of Kabardino-Balkaria in the Russian civilizational process (1557-1917)]. – Nalchik: Izdatel'skii otdel IGI KBNTs RAN, 2017. – 544 p. (In Russian)