THE MAKING OF THE BALKAR NATIONAL MOVEMENT (1985-1991)

The article is devoted to the ideological and organizational formation of the Balkar national movement in conjunction with the dynamics of the all-Russian and republican socio-political development in the mid of 1980s – early 1990s. The policy of perestroika and glasnost made it possible to discuss openly the historical and current problems of the Balkarian people, which were banned previously, in particular, the "full rehabilitation" of all violated rights by the Stalin regime. On this ideological basis, there is an organizational and political consolidation of Balkarian public organizations and deputies of all levels of power into a single representative body with its own program. Politically, it was important that on behalf of the people now it was not individual organizations that spoke, but their representative body - the congress, which confirmed the set of national goals and requirements. In the legal plan, the Law of the RSFSR “On the Rehabilitation of Repressed Peoples” of April 26, 1991 was of fundamental importance. The key provision of the Balkar national program on the restoration of Balkar regions as of 1944 was the requirement of the law. The prolonged delay by the state authorities of the republic regarding the legal requirements of the Balkarian movement of territorial rehabilitation led to the adoption on November 17, 1991 by the congress of the Balkar people of the Declaration on the proclamation of the Republic of Balkaria and the national sovereignty of the Balkar people; the creation of the National Council of the Balkarian People (NCBP) as the supreme authority; non-participation of the Balkarian population of the congress in the election of the President of the KBSSR. Thus, with the active, and in some respects decisive participation of the Balkarian national movement, by the end of 1991 a new political reality had developed in Kabardino-Balkaria. The further course of political development turned into a gradual retreat from the achieved milestone and a turn from consolidation to demarcation in the national movement. When viewed from a historical distance, it is fundamentally important  that the movement in both directions remained in a peaceful framework.

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