From the history of the village of Gvileti
https://doi.org/10.31143/2542-212X-2024-4-206-226
EDN: MNPZYQ
Abstract
This article is devoted to the history of the village of Gvileti, located at the foot of Mount Kazbek in the modern Kazbek municipality of Georgia. The article offers numerous data on the circumstances and period of the village's founding. Based on a set of sources, the ethnic composition of the people and their changes during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are demonstrated, as well as the causes of these changes. The article focuses on the analysis of demographic indicators of the nineteenth century based on government statistics (desk descriptions, lists of residents, censuses). The natural mobility of the people is examined, and statistical data on the population, gender, and age composition of the inhabitants are presented. The article describes the economic situation of the population and the form of occupation and notes that the population was associated with the fund of free agricultural land. The article presents the religious composition of the population and its change, the factors that determined the migration of residents of Gwileti are noted.
About the Authors
Svetlana I. Akkieva
Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Lejla G. Gagieva
Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
References
1. BELOKUROV S.A. Snosheniya Rossii s Kavkazom [Russia's relations with the Caucasus]. Vyp. 1. 1578–1613 gg. – M., 1889. – P. 127-154. (In Russ.).
2. GAZIKOV B.D. Gilate. Sbornik materialov [Gilate. Collection of materials]. – Nal'chik: Tetragraf, 2015. – P. 19-52. (In Russ.).
3. GENKO A.N. Iz kul'turnogo proshlogo ingushei [From the cultural past of the Ingush]. In: Zapiski kollegii vostokovedov. T. 5. – L.: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1930. – P. 681-761. (In Russ.).
4. DALGAT B.K. Stranichka iz severo-kavkazskogo bogatyrskogo eposa. Ckazaniya o nartakh, velikanakh, lyudoedakh i geroyakh, zapisannye so slov starikov ingushei v 1892 g. [A page from the North Caucasian heroic epic. Tales of sleds, giants, cannibals and heroes, recorded from the words of the old Ingush in 1892.]. In: Etnograficheskoe obozrenie. – M.: t-vo skoropech. A.A. Levenson, 1901. – № 1. – P. 35-85. (In Russ.).
5. Delo po predlozheniyu g. Tuzemnogo gubernatora ob isklyuchenii po sel. Gvilety Dushetskogo uezda vsekh obyvatelei onogo seleniya i prichisleniyu ikh k obyvatelyam ot se-lenii Akhaltsikhskogo i Akhalkhalakskogo uezdov, v kotorye oni vodvoreny po rasporyazhe-niyu g. Glavnokomanduyushche-go grazhdanskoi chast'yu 1 avgusta [The case on the proposal of the Native Governor on the exclu-sion of villages. The gwilets of the Dusheti district of all the inhabitants of this village and their classification as inhabitants from the villages of Akhaltsikhe and Akhalkhalak counties, in which they were placed by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the civil unit on August 1]. In: TsGARG. F. 254. OP. 3. D. 2279. (In Russ.).
6. Dokumenty po vzaimootnosheniyam Gruzii s Severnym Kavkazom v XVIII v. [Documents on Georgia's relations with the North Caucasus in the XVIII century]. / AN Gruz. SSR. Gos. muzei Gruzii im. akad. S.N. Dzhanashia; sost. V.N. Gamrekeli. – Tbilisi: Metsniereba, 1968. – 335 p. (In Russ.).
7. Novoe obozrenie [New Review]. – 1885. – 26 sentyabrya. – Dushet. – P. 2/ (In Russ.).
8. Istoriya Ingushetii. GIalgIaichen istori [The history of Ingushetia. Gialgiaichen istori: a collec-tive monograph]: kollektivnaya monografiya / pod red. Kod-zoeva N.D. 4-e izd. – Rostov n/D.: Yu-zhnyi izdatel'skii dom, 2013. – 600 p. (In Russ.).
9. ITONISHVILI V. Khevis t"op"onimik"a [Toponimiya Khevi] [Heavy's toponymy]. – Tbilisi: Metsniereba, 1971. – 31 p. (In Russ.).
10. K-N VL. V Gadaborshe u ingushei [In Gadabor among the Ingush]. In: Terskie vedomosti. – 1911. – № 250. (In Russ.).
11. Kameral'noe opisanie po Upravleniyu Gorskimi narodami na Voenno-Gruzinskoi doroge. Uchitano 1 sentyabrya 1831 g. po 16 fevralya 1832g. [A desk description of the Management of the Mountain peoples on the Georgian Military Road. It was taken into account on September 1, 1831 to February 16, 1832]. In: TsGARG. F. 254. Op. 1. D. 1245. L. 3. (In Russ.).
12. Kameral'nyi spisok sel. Gvilety Stepantsmindskogo obshchestva Dushetskogo uezda Tiflisskoi gubernii. Sostavlen v 1873 g. [The Cameral list of villages. The gwilets of the Stepantsminda Society of the Dusheti district of the Tiflis province. It was compiled in 1873]. In: TsGARG. F. 254. Op. 3. D. 229, L. 173. (In Russ.).
13. Kameral'noe opisanie Gorskogo okruzhnogo uezda khevskogo uchastka s. Gvilety. 1860 g. [A cameral description of the Gorsky district district of the Khevsky section of the village of Gvilety. 1860]. In: TsGARG. F. 254. Op. 2. D. 235. L. 88. (In Russ.).
14. Kameral'noe opisanie po Upravleniyu Gorskimi narodami na Voenno-Gruzinskoi doroge. Uchitano 1 sentyabrya 1831 g. po 16 fevralya 1832g. [A desk description of the Management of the Mountain peoples on the Georgian Military Road. Counted from September 1, 1831 to February 16, 1832.]. In: TsGARG. F. 254. Op. 1. D. 1245. – L. 3. (In Russ.).
15. KOZ'MIN V. Guletovtsy [Guletovtsy]. In: Kavkaz. – 1884. – № 151. (In Russ.).
16. KOZ'MIN V. Makhkinan [Makhkinan]. In: Kavkaz. – 1885. – № 98. (In Russ.).
17. KOZ'MIN V. Guletskoe pepelishche [Gulet ashes]. In: Terskie vedomosti. – 1908. – № 169. (In Russ.).
18. MUROMTSEV P. Opyt fizicheskogo ocherka vostochnogo sklona Kazbeka v sel'skokhozyai-stvennom otnoshenii [The experience of a physical sketch of the eastern slope of Kazbek in agricul-tural terms]. In: Zapiski KOSKh. – 1872. – № 4. – P. 145-158. (In Russ.).
19. NIKIFOROV N.K. Ekonomicheskii byt gosudarstvennykh krest'yan Dushetskogo uezda Tif-lisskoi Gubernii [The economic life of the state peasants of the Dusheti district of the Tiflis Gover-norate]. In: Materialy dlya izucheniya ekonomicheskogo byta gosudarstvennykh krest'yan Zakav-kazskogo kraya. – T. 5. – Ch. 2. – Tiflis: Tipografii Mikhel'sona, 1887. – P. 3-158. (In Russ.).
20. Opis' imushchestvu vremennoprozhivayushchego v sel. Baltinskom Gviletovskogo zhitelya Inal Kotikova. Sostavlena 19oktyabrya 1885 g [An inventory of the property of a temporary resident in villages. Baltinsky Gwiletovsky resident Inal Kotikov. Compiled on October 19, 1885]. In: TsGARG. F. 30. Op. 1. D. 103. (In Russ.).
21. Opis' imushchestvu, arestovannomu u vremennoprozhivayushchego s sel. Keskem 6 uchastka Vladikavkazskogo okruga Machoko Gazakhova [An inventory of property seized from a temporary resident from villages. Keskem of the 6th section of the Vladikavkaz district Machoko Gazakhova]. In: TsGARG. F. 17. Op. 1. D. 2153. L. 68-68 ob, 69-69 ob. (In Russ.).
22. Perepiska s Nachal'nikom Dushetskogo uezda o pereselenii zhitelei sel. Gvilet Dushetskogo uezda s nastoyashchego mesta zhitel'stva [Correspondence with the Head of the Dusheti district about the resettlement of villagers. Gwileth of Dusheti county from the present place of residence]. In: RGBUTsGA. F. 12. Op. 2. D. 481. L. 2. (In Russ.).
23. Po isku poverennogo byvshego zhitelya sel. Gvilety Ozieva A. k kazne o prave sob-stvennosti na zemli, prinadlezhavshie byvshim gvilettsam [According to the claim of the attorney of the former resident of the villages. Gvilety Ozieva A. to the treasury on the right of ownership of the lands be-longing to the former Gwilets]. In: TsGARG. F. 244. Op. 6. D. 836. (In Russ.).
24. Posemeinye spiski naselennykh punktov Vladikavkazskogo okruga Terskoi oblasti 1886 goda. Sbornik dokumentov [Family lists of settlements of the Vladikavkaz district of the Tersk region in 1886. Collection of documents]. T. 1 / Gosudarstvennaya arkhivnaya sluzhba Respubliki In-gushetiya; sost. T. Kh. Mutaliev. – Nal'chik: GP KBR «Respublikanskii poligrafkombinat im. Revolyutsii 1905 g.», 2009. – 531 p. (In Russ.).
25. Posemeinye spiski naselennykh punktov Vladikavkazskogo okruga Terskoi oblasti 1886 goda. Sbornik dokumentov [Family lists of settlements of the Vladikavkaz district of the Tersk region in 1886. Collection of documents]. T. 2 / Gosudarstvennaya arkhivnaya sluzhba Respubliki In-gushetiya; sost. T. Kh. Mutaliev. – Nal'chik: GP KBR «Respublikanskii poligrafkombinat im. Revolyutsii 1905 g.», 2009. – 561 p. (In Russ.).
26. Posemeinye spiski naselennykh punktov Vladikavkazskogo okruga Terskoi oblasti 1886 goda. Sbornik dokumentov [Family lists of settlements of the Vladikavkaz district of the Tersk region in 1886. Collection of documents]. T. 3 / Gosudarstvennaya arkhivnaya sluzhba Respubliki In-gushetiya; sost. T. Kh. Mutaliev. – Rostov n/D.: Yuzhnyi izdatel'skii dom, 2015. – 390 p. (In Russ.).
27. Posemeinye spiski naselennykh punktov Vladikavkazskogo okruga Terskoi oblasti 1886 goda. Sbornik dokumentov [Family lists of settlements of the Vladikavkaz district of the Tersk region in 1886. Collection of documents]. T. 4 / Gosudarstvennaya arkhivnaya sluzhba Respubliki In-gushetiya; sost. T. Kh. Mutaliev. – Rostov n/D.: Yuzhnyi izdatel'skii dom, 2020. – 333 p. (In Russ.).
28. Posemeinye spiski naselennykh punktov Vladikavkazskogo okruga Terskoi oblasti 1886 goda. Sbornik dokumentov [Family lists of settlements of the Vladikavkaz district of the Tersk region in 1886. Collection of documents]. T. 5 / Gosudarstvennaya arkhivnaya sluzhba Respubliki In-gushetiya; sost. T. Kh. Mutaliev. – Rostov n/D.: Yuzhnyi izdatel'skii dom, 2020. – 346 p. (In Russ.).
29. Posemeinye spiski naselennykh punktov Vladikavkazskogo okruga Terskoi oblasti 1886 goda. Sbornik dokumentov [Family lists of settlements of the Vladikavkaz district of the Tersk region in 1886. Collection of documents]. T. 8 / Gosudarstvennaya arkhivnaya sluzhba Respubliki In-gushetiya; sost. T. Kh. Mutaliev. Rostov n/D.: Yuzhnyi izdatel'skii dom, 2023. – 358 p. (In Russ.).
30. Posemeinyi spisok Dushetskogo uezda za 1886g. s. Gvilety [The family list of Dusheti county for 1886 in the village of Gwilety]. In: TsGARG. F. 254. Op. 3. D. 1798. (In Russ.).
31. Spisok obyvatelyam uprazdnennogo sela Gvilety Dushetskogo uezda, perechislennym v Akhalkalakskii uezd [List of inhabitants of the abolished village of Gwilety, Dusheti county, listed in Akhalkalaki county]. In: TsGARG. F. 254. Op. 3. D. 2279. (In Russ.).
32. TITOV A. Kazbek [Kazbek]. – M.: Fizkul'tura i sport, 1938. – 148 p. (In Russ.).
33. FON MEKK A.K. Kazbek i Ermolovskaya khizhina [Kazbek and Ermolovskaya hut]. In: Ezhegodnik RGO. – 1904. – III. (In Russ.).
34. Shinauri kronika [Shinauri chronica]. In: Droeba. gaz. – 1883. – 7 iyulya. – P. 2. (In Russ.).
35. YALKHOROEVA M. Umenie dostoino zhit' sredi lyudei [The ability to live with dignity among people]. In: Serdalo. gaz. – 1999. – № 16. (In Russ.).
36. SASH H., MIKULEC W. Vom Roten Moskau auf den Weissen Kasbek. – B., 1924. (in Ger-man).
Review
For citations:
Akkieva S.I., Gagieva L.G. From the history of the village of Gvileti. Kavkazologiya. 2024;(4):206-226. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31143/2542-212X-2024-4-206-226. EDN: MNPZYQ
Views:
9
Email this article 