Morphological characteristics of Karachay-Balkar geographical names as a lexical category (nouns, adjectives, numerals in toponyms)

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of geographical names and appellative vocabulary based on the material of the Karachay-Balkar language from the point of view of the grammatical specificity of onomastics, one of the aspects of the grammatical system – the inflection of proper names and their derivative stems. In descriptive-type defining phrases and izafet constructions, formal inflectional features of geographical names and case inflection, which have their own grammatical meaning in toponyms, are considered. Within the framework of this work, limited to onomastic grammar, new acts of naming preserved in their original contextual form, various recorded grammatical topoformants and their variants as a widespread means of forming geographical names are analyzed.

An analysis of geographical names shows that in nomenclature phrases used in nominative-common, term-forming and form-forming meanings, there is a lexical-semantic and grammatical connection between the combined components.

In the detailed generalization, attention is drawn to the fact that the toponymization of inflectional units of morphology in combination with appellative productive bases, depending on the meaning of the root component, is subject to such affixes as the affix plurality-collectivity, denoting quantitative characteristics of abstract names, plural forms of toponyms, affix of subjective evaluation - чыкъ/-чик, -чукъ/-чюк, affix of profession -чы/-чи, -чий/-чийю, case inflections used in spatio-temporal formations, lexicalizing, isolated in the meaning of another part of speech.

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